G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel.cc

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// $Id: G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel.cc 108737 2018-03-02 13:49:56Z gcosmo $
//
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// GEANT4 Class file
//
//
// File name:     G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel
//
// Author:        Andreas Schaelicke 
//
// Creation date: 12.08.2008
//
// Modifications:
//
// 13.11.08    add SetLPMflag and SetLPMconstant methods
// 13.11.08    change default LPMconstant value
// 13.10.10    add angular distributon interface (VI)
// 31.05.16    change LPMconstant such that it gives suppression variable 's' 
//             that consistent to Migdal's one; fix a small bug in 'logTS1' 
//             computation; better agreement with exp.(M.Novak)    
//
// Main References:
//  Y.-S.Tsai, Rev. Mod. Phys. 46 (1974) 815; Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 421. 
//  S.Klein,  Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 (1999) 1501.
//  T.Stanev et.al., Phys. Rev. D25 (1982) 1291.
//  M.L.Ter-Mikaelian, High-energy Electromagnetic Processes in Condensed Media, Wiley, 1972.
//
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
//
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#include "G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4Positron.hh"
#include "G4Gamma.hh"
#include "Randomize.hh"
#include "G4Material.hh"
#include "G4Element.hh"
#include "G4ElementVector.hh"
#include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh"
#include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
#include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
#include "G4ModifiedTsai.hh"
#include "G4DipBustGenerator.hh"

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const G4double 
G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::xgi[]={ 0.0199, 0.1017, 0.2372, 0.4083,
                                   0.5917, 0.7628, 0.8983, 0.9801 };
const G4double 
G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::wgi[]={ 0.0506, 0.1112, 0.1569, 0.1813,
                                   0.1813, 0.1569, 0.1112, 0.0506 };
const G4double 
G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::Fel_light[]  = {0., 5.31  , 4.79  , 4.74 ,  4.71};
const G4double 
G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::Finel_light[] = {0., 6.144 , 5.621 , 5.805 , 5.924};

using namespace std;

G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel(
       const G4ParticleDefinition* p, const G4String& nam)
  : G4VEmModel(nam),
    particle(nullptr),
    bremFactor(fine_structure_const*classic_electr_radius*classic_electr_radius*16./3.),
    scatOffElectron(false),
    isElectron(true),
    fMigdalConstant(classic_electr_radius*electron_Compton_length*electron_Compton_length*4.0*pi),
    fLPMconstant(fine_structure_const*electron_mass_c2*electron_mass_c2/(4.*pi*hbarc)),
    use_completescreening(false)
{
  fParticleChange = nullptr;
  theGamma = G4Gamma::Gamma();

  lowestKinEnergy = 1.0*MeV;
  SetLowEnergyLimit(lowestKinEnergy);  

  nist = G4NistManager::Instance();  

  SetLPMFlag(true);
  SetAngularDistribution(new G4DipBustGenerator());

  particleMass = kinEnergy = totalEnergy = z13 = z23 = lnZ = Fel 
    = Finel = fCoulomb = fMax = densityFactor = densityCorr = lpmEnergy 
    = xiLPM = phiLPM = gLPM = klpm = kp = nucTerm = sumTerm = 0.0;
  currentZ = 0;
  energyThresholdLPM = 1.e39;

  InitialiseConstants();
  if(p) { SetParticle(p); }
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::InitialiseConstants()
{
  facFel = G4Log(184.15);
  facFinel = G4Log(1194.);

  preS1 = 1./(184.15*184.15);
  logTwo = G4Log(2.);
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::SetParticle(const G4ParticleDefinition* p)
{
  particle = p;
  particleMass = p->GetPDGMass();
  isElectron = (p == G4Electron::Electron()) ? true : false; 
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::SetupForMaterial(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
                                                 const G4Material* mat, 
                                                 G4double kineticEnergy)
{
  densityFactor = mat->GetElectronDensity()*fMigdalConstant;
  lpmEnergy = mat->GetRadlen()*fLPMconstant;

  // Threshold for LPM effect (i.e. below which LPM hidden by density effect) 
  if (LPMFlag()) {
    energyThresholdLPM=sqrt(densityFactor)*lpmEnergy;
  } else {
    energyThresholdLPM=1.e39;   // i.e. do not use LPM effect
  }
  // calculate threshold for density effect
  kinEnergy   = kineticEnergy;
  totalEnergy = kineticEnergy + particleMass;
  densityCorr = densityFactor*totalEnergy*totalEnergy;

  // define critical gamma energies (important for integration/dicing)
  klpm=totalEnergy*totalEnergy/lpmEnergy;
  kp=sqrt(densityCorr);    
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::SetCurrentElement(G4int Z)
{
  if(Z != currentZ) {
    currentZ = Z;

    z13 = nist->GetZ13(Z);
    z23 = z13*z13;
    lnZ = nist->GetLOGZ(Z);

    if (Z <= 4) {
      Fel = Fel_light[Z];  
      Finel = Finel_light[Z] ; 
    }
    else {
      G4double lnzt = lnZ/3.;
      Fel = facFel - lnzt;
      Finel = facFinel - 2*lnzt;
    }

    fCoulomb = GetCurrentElement()->GetfCoulomb();
    G4double xz = 1.0/(G4double)Z;
    fMax = Fel-fCoulomb + Finel*xz  + (1. + xz)/12.;
  }
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
                                           const G4DataVector& cuts)
{
  if(p) { SetParticle(p); }

  currentZ = 0;

  if(IsMaster() && LowEnergyLimit() < HighEnergyLimit()) { 
    InitialiseElementSelectors(p, cuts); 
  }

  if(!fParticleChange) { fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForLoss(); }
  if(GetTripletModel()) {
    GetTripletModel()->Initialise(p, cuts); 
    scatOffElectron = true;
  }
}

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void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::InitialiseLocal(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
                                                G4VEmModel* masterModel)
{
  if(LowEnergyLimit() < HighEnergyLimit()) { 
    SetElementSelectors(masterModel->GetElementSelectors());
  }
}

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G4double 
G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::MinPrimaryEnergy(const G4Material*,
                                            const G4ParticleDefinition*,
                                            G4double cut)
{
  return std::max(lowestKinEnergy, cut);
}

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G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(
                                             const G4Material* material,
                                             const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
                                                   G4double kineticEnergy,
                                                   G4double cutEnergy)
{
  if(!particle) { SetParticle(p); }
  if(kineticEnergy < LowEnergyLimit()) { return 0.0; }
  G4double cut = std::min(cutEnergy, kineticEnergy);
  if(cut == 0.0) { return 0.0; }

  SetupForMaterial(particle, material,kineticEnergy);

  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector();
  const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector = material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();

  G4double dedx = 0.0;

  //  loop for elements in the material
  for (size_t i=0; i<material->GetNumberOfElements(); i++) {

    G4VEmModel::SetCurrentElement((*theElementVector)[i]);
    SetCurrentElement((*theElementVector)[i]->GetZasInt());

    dedx += theAtomicNumDensityVector[i]*(currentZ*currentZ)*ComputeBremLoss(cut);
  }
  dedx *= bremFactor;


  return dedx;
}

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G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeBremLoss(G4double cut)
{
  G4double loss = 0.0;

  // number of intervals and integration step 
  G4double vcut = cut/totalEnergy;
  G4int n = (G4int)(20*vcut) + 3;
  G4double delta = vcut/G4double(n);

  G4double e0 = 0.0;
  G4double xs; 

  // integration
  for(G4int l=0; l<n; l++) {

    for(G4int i=0; i<8; i++) {

      G4double eg = (e0 + xgi[i]*delta)*totalEnergy;

      if(totalEnergy > energyThresholdLPM) {
        xs = ComputeRelDXSectionPerAtom(eg);
      } else {
        xs = ComputeDXSectionPerAtom(eg);
      }
      loss += wgi[i]*xs/(1.0 + densityCorr/(eg*eg));
    }
    e0 += delta;
  }

  loss *= delta*totalEnergy;

  return loss;
}

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G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(
                                              const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
                                              G4double kineticEnergy, 
                                              G4double Z,   G4double,
                                              G4double cutEnergy, 
                                              G4double maxEnergy)
{
  if(!particle) { SetParticle(p); }
  if(kineticEnergy < LowEnergyLimit()) { return 0.0; }
  G4double cut  = std::min(cutEnergy, kineticEnergy);
  G4double tmax = std::min(maxEnergy, kineticEnergy);

  if(cut >= tmax) { return 0.0; }

  SetCurrentElement(G4lrint(Z));

  G4double cross = ComputeXSectionPerAtom(cut);

  // allow partial integration
  if(tmax < kinEnergy) { cross -= ComputeXSectionPerAtom(tmax); }
  
  cross *= Z*Z*bremFactor;

  return cross;
}
 
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G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeXSectionPerAtom(G4double cut)
{
  G4double cross = 0.0;

  // number of intervals and integration step 
  G4double vcut = G4Log(cut/totalEnergy);
  G4double vmax = G4Log(kinEnergy/totalEnergy);
  G4int n = (G4int)(0.45*(vmax - vcut)) + 4;
  //  n=1; //  integration test 
  G4double delta = (vmax - vcut)/G4double(n);

  G4double e0 = vcut;
  G4double xs; 

  // integration
  for(G4int l=0; l<n; l++) {

    for(G4int i=0; i<8; i++) {

      G4double eg = G4Exp(e0 + xgi[i]*delta)*totalEnergy;

      if(totalEnergy > energyThresholdLPM) {
        xs = ComputeRelDXSectionPerAtom(eg);
      } else {
        xs = ComputeDXSectionPerAtom(eg);
      }
      cross += wgi[i]*xs/(1.0 + densityCorr/(eg*eg));
    }
    e0 += delta;
  }

  cross *= delta;

  return cross;
}

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void  G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::CalcLPMFunctions(G4double k)
{
  // *** calculate lpm variable s & sprime ***
  // Klein eqs. (78) & (79)
  G4double sprime = sqrt(0.125*k*lpmEnergy/(totalEnergy*(totalEnergy-k)));

  G4double s1 = preS1*z23;
  G4double logS1 = 2./3.*lnZ-2.*facFel;
  G4double logTS1 = 0.5*logTwo+logS1;

  xiLPM = 2.;

  if (sprime>1) 
    xiLPM = 1.;
  else if (sprime>sqrt(2.)*s1) {
    G4double h  = G4Log(sprime)/logTS1;
    xiLPM = 1+h-0.08*(1-h)*(1-sqr(1-h))/logTS1;
  }

  G4double s0 = sprime/sqrt(xiLPM); 

  // *** merging with density effect***  should be only necessary in region 
  // "close to" kp, e.g. k<100*kp using Ter-Mikaelian eq. (20.9)
  G4double k2 = k*k;
  s0 *= (1 + (densityCorr/k2) );

  // recalculate Xi using modified s above
  // Klein eq. (75)
  xiLPM = 1.;
  if (s0<=s1) xiLPM = 2.;
  else if ( (s1<s0) && (s0<=1) ) { xiLPM = 1. + G4Log(s0)/logS1; }
  

  // *** calculate supression functions phi and G ***
  // Klein eqs. (77)
  G4double s2=s0*s0;
  G4double s3=s0*s2;
  G4double s4=s2*s2;

  if (s0<0.1) {
    // high suppression limit
    phiLPM = 6.*s0 - 18.84955592153876*s2 + 39.47841760435743*s3 
      - 57.69873135166053*s4;
    gLPM = 37.69911184307752*s2 - 236.8705056261446*s3 + 807.7822389*s4;
  }
  else if (s0<1.9516) {
    // intermediate suppression
    // using eq.77 approxim. valid s<2.      
    phiLPM = 1.-G4Exp(-6.*s0*(1.+(3.-pi)*s0)
                +s3/(0.623+0.795*s0+0.658*s2));
    if (s0<0.415827397755) {
      // using eq.77 approxim. valid 0.07<s<2
      G4double psiLPM = 1-G4Exp(-4*s0-8*s2/(1+3.936*s0+4.97*s2-0.05*s3+7.50*s4));
      gLPM = 3*psiLPM-2*phiLPM;
    }
    else {
      // using alternative parametrisiation
      G4double pre = -0.16072300849123999 + s0*3.7550300067531581 + s2*-1.7981383069010097 
        + s3*0.67282686077812381 + s4*-0.1207722909879257;
      gLPM = tanh(pre);
    }
  }
  else {
    // low suppression limit valid s>2.
    phiLPM = 1. - 0.0119048/s4;
    gLPM = 1. - 0.0230655/s4;
  }

  // *** make sure suppression is smaller than 1 ***
  // *** caused by Migdal approximation in xi    ***
  if (xiLPM*phiLPM>1. || s0>0.57)  { xiLPM=1./phiLPM; }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....


G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeRelDXSectionPerAtom(G4double gammaEnergy)
// Ultra relativistic model
//   only valid for very high energies, but includes LPM suppression
//    * complete screening
{
  if(gammaEnergy < 0.0) { return 0.0; }

  G4double y = gammaEnergy/totalEnergy;
  G4double y2 = y*y*.25;
  G4double yone2 = (1.-y+2.*y2);

  // form factors complete screening case       
  // calc LPM functions -- include ter-mikaelian merging with density effect 
  //  G4double xiLPM, gLPM, phiLPM;  // to be made member variables !!!
  CalcLPMFunctions(gammaEnergy);

  G4double xz = 1.0/(G4double)currentZ;
  G4double mainLPM   = xiLPM*(y2 * gLPM + yone2*phiLPM) * ( (Fel-fCoulomb) + Finel*xz );
  G4double secondTerm = (1.-y)/12.*(1. + xz);

  sumTerm = mainLPM+secondTerm;

  if(scatOffElectron){
    nucTerm = xiLPM*(y2 * gLPM + yone2*phiLPM) * (Fel-fCoulomb) + (1.-y)/12.;
  }

  return sumTerm;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

G4double G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::ComputeDXSectionPerAtom(G4double gammaEnergy)
// Relativistic model
//  only valid for high energies (and if LPM suppression does not play a role)
//  * screening according to thomas-fermi-Model (only valid for Z>5)
//  * no LPM effect
{

  if(gammaEnergy < 0.0) { return 0.0; }

  G4double y = gammaEnergy/totalEnergy;

  G4double main=0.,secondTerm=0.;

  G4double currZ = (G4double)currentZ;
  G4double gFact = (0.75*y*y - y + 1.);
  if (use_completescreening || currentZ<5) {
    // ** form factors complete screening case **      
    main   = gFact * ( (Fel-fCoulomb) + Finel/currZ );
    secondTerm = (1.-y)/12.*(1.+1./currZ);
    if(scatOffElectron) {
      nucTerm = gFact*(Fel-fCoulomb) + (1.-y)/12.;
    }
  }
  else {
    // ** intermediate screening using Thomas-Fermi FF from Tsai only valid for Z>=5** 
    G4double dd=100.*electron_mass_c2*y/(totalEnergy-gammaEnergy);
    G4double gg=dd/z13;
    G4double eps=dd/z23;
    G4double phi1=Phi1(gg,currZ),  phi1m2=Phi1M2(gg,currZ);
    G4double psi1=Psi1(eps,currZ),  psi1m2=Psi1M2(eps,currZ);
    
    main = gFact * 
      ( (0.25*phi1-1./3.*lnZ-fCoulomb) + (0.25*psi1-2./3.*lnZ)/currZ );
    secondTerm = (1.-y)/8.*(phi1m2+psi1m2/currZ);
    if(scatOffElectron) {
      nucTerm = gFact*(0.25*phi1-1./3.*lnZ-fCoulomb) + (1.-y)*phi1m2/8.;
    }
  }
  sumTerm = main+secondTerm;
  return sumTerm;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....

void G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel::SampleSecondaries(
                                      std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp, 
                                      const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
                                      const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
                                      G4double cutEnergy,
                                      G4double maxEnergy)
{
  G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
  if(kineticEnergy < LowEnergyLimit()) { return; }
  G4double cut  = std::min(cutEnergy, kineticEnergy);
  G4double emax = std::min(maxEnergy, kineticEnergy);
  if(cut >= emax) { return; }

  SetupForMaterial(particle, couple->GetMaterial(), kineticEnergy);

  const G4Element* elm = 
    SelectRandomAtom(couple,particle,kineticEnergy,cut,emax);
  SetCurrentElement(elm->GetZasInt());

  kinEnergy   = kineticEnergy;
  totalEnergy = kineticEnergy + particleMass;
  densityCorr = densityFactor*totalEnergy*totalEnergy;

  //G4double fmax= fMax;
  G4bool highe = true;
  if(totalEnergy < energyThresholdLPM) { highe = false; }
 
  G4double xmin = G4Log(cut*cut + densityCorr);
  G4double xmax = G4Log(emax*emax  + densityCorr);
  G4double gammaEnergy, f, x; 

  CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* rndmEngine = G4Random::getTheEngine();

  do {
    x = std::max(G4Exp(xmin + rndmEngine->flat()*(xmax - xmin)) - densityCorr, 0.0);
    gammaEnergy = sqrt(x);
    f = (highe) ? ComputeRelDXSectionPerAtom(gammaEnergy)
                : ComputeDXSectionPerAtom(gammaEnergy);

    if ( f > fMax ) {
      G4cout << "### G4eBremsstrahlungRelModel Warning: Majoranta exceeded! "
             << f << " > " << fMax
             << " Egamma(MeV)= " << gammaEnergy
             << " Ee(MeV)= " << kineticEnergy
             << "  " << GetName()
             << G4endl;
    }

    // Loop checking, 03-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
  } while (f < fMax*rndmEngine->flat());

  // scattering off nucleus or off e- by triplet model
  if(scatOffElectron && G4UniformRand()*sumTerm > nucTerm) {
    GetTripletModel()->SampleSecondaries(vdp, couple, dp, 
                                         cutEnergy, maxEnergy);
    return;
  }

  //
  // angles of the emitted gamma. ( Z - axis along the parent particle)
  // use general interface
  //

  G4ThreeVector gammaDirection = 
    GetAngularDistribution()->SampleDirection(dp, totalEnergy-gammaEnergy,
                                              currentZ, 
                                              couple->GetMaterial());

  // create G4DynamicParticle object for the Gamma
  G4DynamicParticle* gamma = new G4DynamicParticle(theGamma,gammaDirection,
                                                   gammaEnergy);
  vdp->push_back(gamma);
  
  G4double totMomentum = sqrt(kineticEnergy*(totalEnergy + electron_mass_c2));
  G4ThreeVector direction = (totMomentum*dp->GetMomentumDirection()
                             - gammaEnergy*gammaDirection).unit();

  // energy of primary
  G4double finalE = kineticEnergy - gammaEnergy;

  // stop tracking and create new secondary instead of primary
  if(gammaEnergy > SecondaryThreshold()) {
    fParticleChange->ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
    fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(0.0);
    G4DynamicParticle* el = 
      new G4DynamicParticle(const_cast<G4ParticleDefinition*>(particle),
                            direction, finalE);
    vdp->push_back(el);

    // continue tracking
  } else {
    fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(direction);
    fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(finalE);
  }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......